Model.cpp

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#include "storm/models/sparse/Model.h"
 
#include <boost/algorithm/string/join.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>
 
#include "storm/adapters/IntervalAdapter.h"
#include "storm/adapters/JsonAdapter.h"
#include "storm/adapters/RationalFunctionAdapter.h"
#include "storm/adapters/RationalNumberAdapter.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/IllegalArgumentException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/IllegalFunctionCallException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/NotImplementedException.h"
#include "storm/io/export.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/Ctmc.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/MarkovAutomaton.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/StandardRewardModel.h"
#include "storm/settings/SettingsManager.h"
#include "storm/settings/modules/GeneralSettings.h"
#include "storm/storage/SparseMatrixOperations.h"
#include "storm/utility/NumberTraits.h"
#include "storm/utility/rationalfunction.h"
#include "storm/utility/vector.h"
 
namespace storm {
namespace models {
namespace sparse {
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::Model(ModelType modelType, storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType> const& components)
    : storm::models::Model<ValueType>(modelType),
      transitionMatrix(components.transitionMatrix),
      stateLabeling(components.stateLabeling),
      rewardModels(components.rewardModels),
      choiceLabeling(components.choiceLabeling),
      stateValuations(components.stateValuations),
      choiceOrigins(components.choiceOrigins) {
    assertValidityOfComponents(components);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::Model(ModelType modelType, storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>&& components)
    : storm::models::Model<ValueType>(modelType),
      transitionMatrix(std::move(components.transitionMatrix)),
      stateLabeling(std::move(components.stateLabeling)),
      rewardModels(std::move(components.rewardModels)),
      choiceLabeling(std::move(components.choiceLabeling)),
      stateValuations(std::move(components.stateValuations)),
      choiceOrigins(std::move(components.choiceOrigins)) {
    assertValidityOfComponents(components);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::assertValidityOfComponents(
    storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType> const& components) const {
    // More costly checks are only asserted to avoid doing them in release mode.
    ValueType const stochasticTolerance =
        isExact() ? storm::utility::zero<ValueType>()
                  : storm::utility::convertNumber<ValueType>(storm::settings::getModule<storm::settings::modules::GeneralSettings>().getPrecision());
 
    uint64_t stateCount = this->getNumberOfStates();
    uint64_t choiceCount = this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowCount();
 
    // general components for all model types.
    STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getTransitionMatrix().getColumnCount() == stateCount, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                    "Invalid column count of transition matrix.");
    {
        std::string reasonNotProbabilistic [[maybe_unused]];
        STORM_LOG_ASSERT(components.rateTransitions || this->getTransitionMatrix().isProbabilistic(stochasticTolerance, reasonNotProbabilistic),
                         "The matrix is not probabilistic. " << reasonNotProbabilistic);
    }
    STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getStateLabeling().getNumberOfItems() == stateCount, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                    "Invalid item count (" << this->getStateLabeling().getNumberOfItems() << ") of state labeling (states: " << stateCount << ").");
    for (auto const& rewardModel : this->getRewardModels()) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(!rewardModel.second.hasStateRewards() || rewardModel.second.getStateRewardVector().size() == stateCount,
                        storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Invalid size (" << rewardModel.second.getStateRewardVector().size() << ") of state reward vector (states:" << stateCount << ").");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(
            !rewardModel.second.hasStateActionRewards() || rewardModel.second.getStateActionRewardVector().size() == choiceCount,
            storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
            "Invalid size (" << rewardModel.second.getStateActionRewardVector().size() << ") of state action reward vector (expected:" << choiceCount << ").");
        STORM_LOG_ASSERT(
            !rewardModel.second.hasTransitionRewards() || rewardModel.second.getTransitionRewardMatrix().isSubmatrixOf(this->getTransitionMatrix()),
            "The transition reward matrix is not a submatrix of the transition matrix, i.e. there are rewards for transitions that do not exist.");
    }
    STORM_LOG_THROW(
        !this->hasChoiceLabeling() || this->getChoiceLabeling().getNumberOfItems() == choiceCount, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
        "Invalid choice count of choice labeling (choices: " << choiceCount << " vs. labeling:" << this->getChoiceLabeling().getNumberOfItems() << ").");
    STORM_LOG_THROW(
        !this->hasStateValuations() || this->getStateValuations().getNumberOfStates() == stateCount, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
        "Invalid state count for state valuations (states: " << stateCount << " vs. valuations:" << this->getStateValuations().getNumberOfStates() << ").");
    STORM_LOG_THROW(
        !this->hasChoiceOrigins() || this->getChoiceOrigins()->getNumberOfChoices() == choiceCount, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
        "Invalid choice count for choice origins. (choices: " << choiceCount << " vs. origins:" << this->getChoiceOrigins()->getNumberOfChoices() << ").");
 
    // Branch on type of nondeterminism
    if (this->isOfType(ModelType::Dtmc) || this->isOfType(ModelType::Ctmc)) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getTransitionMatrix().hasTrivialRowGrouping(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create deterministic model: Transition matrix has non-trivial row grouping.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(stateCount == this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowCount(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create deterministic model: Number of rows of transition matrix does not match state count.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(stateCount == this->getTransitionMatrix().getColumnCount(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create deterministic model: Number of columns of transition matrix does not match state count.");
        STORM_LOG_ERROR_COND(!components.player1Matrix.is_initialized(), "Player 1 matrix given for a model that is no stochastic game (will be ignored).");
    } else if (this->isOfType(ModelType::Mdp) || this->isOfType(ModelType::MarkovAutomaton) || this->isOfType(ModelType::Pomdp) ||
               this->isOfType(ModelType::Smg)) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(stateCount == this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowGroupCount(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create nondeterministic model: Number of row groups ("
                            << this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowGroupCount() << ") of transition matrix does not match state count (" << stateCount << ").");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(stateCount == this->getTransitionMatrix().getColumnCount(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create nondeterministic model: Number of columns of transition matrix does not match state count.");
        STORM_LOG_ERROR_COND(!components.player1Matrix.is_initialized(), "Player 1 matrix given for a model that is no stochastic game (will be ignored).");
    } else if (this->isOfType(ModelType::S2pg)) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(components.player1Matrix.is_initialized(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "No player 1 matrix given for stochastic game.");
        STORM_LOG_ASSERT(components.player1Matrix->isProbabilistic(0),
                         "Can not create stochastic game: There is a row in the p1 matrix with not exactly one entry.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(stateCount == components.player1Matrix->getRowGroupCount(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create stochastic game: Number of row groups of p1 matrix does not match state count.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowGroupCount() == components.player1Matrix->getColumnCount(),
                        storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create stochastic game: Number of row groups of p2 matrix does not match column count of p1 matrix.");
    } else {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException, "Invalid model type.");
    }
 
    // Branch on continuous/discrete timing
    if (this->isOfType(ModelType::Ctmc) || this->isOfType(ModelType::MarkovAutomaton)) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(components.rateTransitions || components.exitRates.is_initialized(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create continuous time model: no rates are given.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(!components.exitRates.is_initialized() || components.exitRates->size() == stateCount, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Size of exit rate vector does not match state count.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->isOfType(ModelType::Ctmc) || components.markovianStates.is_initialized(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create Markov Automaton: no Markovian states given.");
    } else {
        STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!components.rateTransitions && !components.exitRates.is_initialized(),
                            "Rates specified for discrete-time model. The rates will be ignored.");
    }
    STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(this->isOfType(ModelType::MarkovAutomaton) || !components.markovianStates.is_initialized(),
                        "Markovian states given for a model that is not a Markov automaton (will be ignored).");
 
    // Treat stochastic multiplayer games
    if (this->isOfType(ModelType::Smg)) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(components.statePlayerIndications.is_initialized(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "Can not create stochastic multiplayer game: Missing player indications.");
        // playerNameToIndexMap is optional.
        STORM_LOG_THROW(
            stateCount == components.statePlayerIndications->size(), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
            "Size of state player indications (" << components.statePlayerIndications->size() << ") of SMG does not match state count (" << stateCount << ").");
    } else {
        STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!components.statePlayerIndications.is_initialized(),
                            "statePlayerIndications given for a model that is not a stochastic multiplayer game (will be ignored).");
        STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!components.playerNameToIndexMap.is_initialized(),
                            "playerNameToIndexMap given for a model that is not a stochastic multiplayer game (will be ignored).");
    }
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getBackwardTransitions() const {
    return this->getTransitionMatrix().transpose(true);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
uint_fast64_t Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getNumberOfStates() const {
    return this->getTransitionMatrix().getColumnCount();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
uint_fast64_t Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getNumberOfTransitions() const {
    return this->getTransitionMatrix().getNonzeroEntryCount();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
uint_fast64_t Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getNumberOfChoices() const {
    return this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowCount();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::storage::BitVector const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getInitialStates() const {
    return this->getStates("init");
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::setInitialStates(storm::storage::BitVector const& states) {
    return this->getStateLabeling().setStates("init", states);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::storage::BitVector const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getStates(std::string const& label) const {
    return stateLabeling.getStates(label);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasLabel(std::string const& label) const {
    return stateLabeling.containsLabel(label);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getTransitionMatrix() const {
    return transitionMatrix;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType>& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getTransitionMatrix() {
    return transitionMatrix;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasRewardModel(std::string const& rewardModelName) const {
    return this->rewardModels.find(rewardModelName) != this->rewardModels.end();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
RewardModelType& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::rewardModel(std::string const& rewardModelName) {
    STORM_LOG_ASSERT(this->hasRewardModel(rewardModelName), "Model has no reward model.");
    return this->rewardModels.find(rewardModelName)->second;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
RewardModelType const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getRewardModel(std::string const& rewardModelName) const {
    auto it = this->rewardModels.find(rewardModelName);
    if (it == this->rewardModels.end()) {
        if (rewardModelName.empty()) {
            if (this->hasUniqueRewardModel()) {
                return this->getUniqueRewardModel();
            } else {
                STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                                "Unable to refer to default reward model, because there is no default model or it is not unique.");
            }
        } else {
            STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException, "The requested reward model '" << rewardModelName << "' does not exist.");
        }
    }
    return it->second;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
RewardModelType& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getRewardModel(std::string const& rewardModelName) {
    auto it = this->rewardModels.find(rewardModelName);
    if (it == this->rewardModels.end()) {
        if (rewardModelName.empty()) {
            if (this->hasUniqueRewardModel()) {
                return this->getUniqueRewardModel();
            } else {
                STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                                "Unable to refer to default reward model, because there is no default model or it is not unique.");
            }
        } else {
            STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException, "The requested reward model '" << rewardModelName << "' does not exist.");
        }
    }
    return it->second;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::addRewardModel(std::string const& rewardModelName, RewardModelType const& newRewardModel) {
    if (this->hasRewardModel(rewardModelName)) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(!(this->hasRewardModel(rewardModelName)), storm::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException,
                        "A reward model with the given name '" << rewardModelName << "' already exists.");
    }
    STORM_LOG_ASSERT(newRewardModel.isCompatible(this->getNumberOfStates(), this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowCount()), "New reward model is not compatible.");
    this->rewardModels.emplace(rewardModelName, newRewardModel);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::removeRewardModel(std::string const& rewardModelName) {
    auto it = this->rewardModels.find(rewardModelName);
    bool res = (it != this->rewardModels.end());
    if (res) {
        this->rewardModels.erase(it->first);
    }
    return res;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::restrictRewardModels(std::set<std::string> const& keptRewardModels) {
    std::set<std::string> removedRewardModels;
    for (auto const& rewModel : this->getRewardModels()) {
        if (keptRewardModels.find(rewModel.first) == keptRewardModels.end()) {
            removedRewardModels.insert(rewModel.first);
        }
    }
    for (auto const& rewModelName : removedRewardModels) {
        this->removeRewardModel(rewModelName);
    }
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasUniqueRewardModel() const {
    return this->getNumberOfRewardModels() == 1;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::string const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getUniqueRewardModelName() const {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getNumberOfRewardModels() == 1, storm::exceptions::IllegalFunctionCallException, "The reward model is not unique.");
    return this->rewardModels.begin()->first;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasRewardModel() const {
    return !this->rewardModels.empty();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
RewardModelType const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getUniqueRewardModel() const {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getNumberOfRewardModels() == 1, storm::exceptions::IllegalFunctionCallException, "The reward model is not unique.");
    return this->rewardModels.cbegin()->second;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
RewardModelType& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getUniqueRewardModel() {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getNumberOfRewardModels() == 1, storm::exceptions::IllegalFunctionCallException, "The reward model is not unique.");
    return this->rewardModels.begin()->second;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
uint_fast64_t Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getNumberOfRewardModels() const {
    return this->rewardModels.size();
}
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::models::sparse::StateLabeling const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getStateLabeling() const {
    return stateLabeling;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::models::sparse::StateLabeling& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getStateLabeling() {
    return stateLabeling;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasChoiceLabeling() const {
    return static_cast<bool>(choiceLabeling);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::models::sparse::ChoiceLabeling const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getChoiceLabeling() const {
    return choiceLabeling.value();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::optional<storm::models::sparse::ChoiceLabeling> const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getOptionalChoiceLabeling() const {
    return choiceLabeling;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::optional<storm::models::sparse::ChoiceLabeling>& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getOptionalChoiceLabeling() {
    return choiceLabeling;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasStateValuations() const {
    return static_cast<bool>(stateValuations);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
storm::storage::sparse::StateValuations const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getStateValuations() const {
    return stateValuations.value();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::optional<storm::storage::sparse::StateValuations> const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getOptionalStateValuations() const {
    return stateValuations;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::optional<storm::storage::sparse::StateValuations>& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getOptionalStateValuations() {
    return stateValuations;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasChoiceOrigins() const {
    return static_cast<bool>(choiceOrigins);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ChoiceOrigins> const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getChoiceOrigins() const {
    return choiceOrigins.value();
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::optional<std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ChoiceOrigins>> const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getOptionalChoiceOrigins() const {
    return choiceOrigins;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::optional<std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ChoiceOrigins>>& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getOptionalChoiceOrigins() {
    return choiceOrigins;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::printModelInformationToStream(std::ostream& out) const {
    this->printModelInformationHeaderToStream(out);
    this->printModelInformationFooterToStream(out);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::size_t Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hash() const {
    std::size_t seed = 0;
    boost::hash_combine(seed, transitionMatrix.hash());
    boost::hash_combine(seed, stateLabeling.hash());
    for (auto const& rewModel : rewardModels) {
        boost::hash_combine(seed, rewModel.second.hash());
    }
    if (choiceLabeling) {
        boost::hash_combine(seed, choiceLabeling->hash());
    }
    if (stateValuations) {
        boost::hash_combine(seed, stateValuations->hash());
    }
    if (choiceOrigins) {
        boost::hash_combine(seed, choiceOrigins.value()->hash());
    }
    return seed;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::printModelInformationHeaderToStream(std::ostream& out) const {
    out << "-------------------------------------------------------------- \n";
    out << "Model type: \t" << (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType> ? "I" : "") << this->getType() << " (sparse)\n";
    out << "States: \t" << this->getNumberOfStates() << '\n';
    out << "Transitions: \t" << this->getNumberOfTransitions() << '\n';
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::printModelInformationFooterToStream(std::ostream& out) const {
    this->printRewardModelsInformationToStream(out);
    out << "State Labels: \t";
    this->getStateLabeling().printLabelingInformationToStream(out);
    out << "Choice Labels: \t";
    if (this->hasChoiceLabeling()) {
        this->getChoiceLabeling().printLabelingInformationToStream(out);
    } else {
        out << "none\n";
    }
    out << "-------------------------------------------------------------- \n";
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::printRewardModelsInformationToStream(std::ostream& out) const {
    if (this->rewardModels.size()) {
        std::vector<std::string> rewardModelNames;
        std::for_each(this->rewardModels.cbegin(), this->rewardModels.cend(),
                      [&rewardModelNames](typename std::pair<std::string, RewardModelType> const& nameRewardModelPair) {
                          if (nameRewardModelPair.first.empty()) {
                              rewardModelNames.push_back("(default)");
                          } else {
                              rewardModelNames.push_back(nameRewardModelPair.first);
                          }
                      });
        out << "Reward Models:  " << boost::join(rewardModelNames, ", ") << '\n';
    } else {
        out << "Reward Models:  none\n";
    }
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::writeDotToStream(std::ostream& outStream, size_t maxWidthLabel, bool includeLabeling,
                                                         storm::storage::BitVector const* subsystem, std::vector<ValueType> const* firstValue,
                                                         std::vector<ValueType> const* secondValue, std::vector<uint_fast64_t> const* stateColoring,
                                                         std::vector<std::string> const* colors, std::vector<uint_fast64_t>*, bool finalizeOutput) const {
    outStream << "digraph model {\n";
 
    // Write all states to the stream.
    for (uint_fast64_t state = 0, highestStateIndex = this->getNumberOfStates() - 1; state <= highestStateIndex; ++state) {
        if (subsystem == nullptr || subsystem->get(state)) {
            outStream << "\t" << state;
            if (includeLabeling || firstValue != nullptr || secondValue != nullptr || stateColoring != nullptr || hasStateValuations()) {
                outStream << " [ ";
 
                // If we need to print some extra information, do so now.
                if (includeLabeling || firstValue != nullptr || secondValue != nullptr || hasStateValuations()) {
                    outStream << "label = \"" << state;
                    if (hasStateValuations()) {
                        std::string stateInfo = getStateValuations().getStateInfo(state);
                        std::vector<std::string> results;
                        boost::split(results, stateInfo, [](char c) { return c == ','; });
                        storm::io::outputFixedWidth(outStream, results, maxWidthLabel);
                    }
                    outStream << ": ";
 
                    // Now print the state labeling to the stream if requested.
                    if (includeLabeling) {
                        outStream << "{";
                        storm::io::outputFixedWidth(outStream, this->getLabelsOfState(state), maxWidthLabel);
                        outStream << "}";
                    }
 
                    outStream << this->additionalDotStateInfo(state);
 
                    // If we are to include some values for the state as well, we do so now.
                    if (firstValue != nullptr || secondValue != nullptr) {
                        outStream << " [";
                        if (firstValue != nullptr) {
                            outStream << (*firstValue)[state];
                            if (secondValue != nullptr) {
                                outStream << ", ";
                            }
                        }
                        if (secondValue != nullptr) {
                            outStream << (*secondValue)[state];
                        }
                        outStream << "]";
                    }
                    outStream << "\"";
 
                    // Now, we color the states if there were colors given.
                    if (stateColoring != nullptr && colors != nullptr) {
                        outStream << ", ";
                        outStream << " style = filled, fillcolor = " << (*colors)[(*stateColoring)[state]];
                    }
                }
                outStream << " ]";
            }
            outStream << ";\n";
        }
    }
 
    // If this methods has not been called from a derived class, we want to close the digraph here.
    if (finalizeOutput) {
        outStream << "}\n";
    }
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
void Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::writeJsonToStream(std::ostream& outStream) const {
    STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(this->getNumberOfStates() < 10000 && this->getNumberOfTransitions() < 100000,
                        "Exporting a large model to json. This might take some time and will result in a very large file.");
    using JsonValueType = storm::RationalNumber;
    storm::json<JsonValueType> output;
    for (uint64_t state = 0; state < getNumberOfStates(); ++state) {
        storm::json<JsonValueType> stateChoicesJson;
        stateChoicesJson["id"] = state;
        if (hasStateValuations()) {
            stateChoicesJson["s"] = getStateValuations().template toJson<JsonValueType>(state);
        }
        auto labels = getLabelsOfState(state);
        stateChoicesJson["lab"] = labels;
        storm::json<JsonValueType> stateRewardsJson;
        for (auto const& rm : rewardModels) {
            if (rm.second.hasStateRewards()) {
                auto const& r = rm.second.getStateReward(state);
                if (!storm::utility::isZero(r)) {
                    stateRewardsJson[rm.first] = storm::utility::to_string(r);
                }
            }
        }
        if (!stateRewardsJson.empty()) {
            stateChoicesJson["rew"] = std::move(stateRewardsJson);
        }
 
        // For CTMCs we need to scale the transition probabilities as the transition matrix contains rates.
        // This is not the case for MA.
        auto rateForProbabilityScaling = storm::utility::one<ValueType>();
        if (this->isOfType(storm::models::ModelType::Ctmc)) {
            auto const& ctmc = this->template as<storm::models::sparse::Ctmc<ValueType, RewardModelType>>();
            rateForProbabilityScaling = ctmc->getExitRateVector()[state];
            stateChoicesJson["rate"] = storm::utility::to_string(rateForProbabilityScaling);
        } else if (this->isOfType(storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton)) {
            auto const& ma = this->template as<storm::models::sparse::MarkovAutomaton<ValueType, RewardModelType>>();
            if (ma->isMarkovianState(state)) {
                stateChoicesJson["rate"] = storm::utility::to_string(ma->getExitRate(state));  // Only export rate for Markovian states
            }
        }
 
        storm::json<JsonValueType> choicesJson;
        for (uint64_t choiceIndex = getTransitionMatrix().getRowGroupIndices()[state]; choiceIndex < getTransitionMatrix().getRowGroupIndices()[state + 1];
             ++choiceIndex) {
            storm::json<JsonValueType> choiceJson;
            if (hasChoiceOrigins() && getChoiceOrigins()->getIdentifier(choiceIndex) != getChoiceOrigins()->getIdentifierForChoicesWithNoOrigin()) {
                choiceJson["origin"] = getChoiceOrigins()->getChoiceAsJson(choiceIndex);
            }
            if (hasChoiceLabeling()) {
                auto choiceLabels = getChoiceLabeling().getLabelsOfChoice(choiceIndex);
                if (!choiceLabels.empty()) {
                    choiceJson["lab"] = choiceLabels;
                }
            }
            choiceJson["id"] = choiceIndex;
            storm::json<JsonValueType> choiceRewardsJson;
            for (auto const& rm : rewardModels) {
                if (rm.second.hasStateActionRewards()) {
                    auto r = rm.second.getStateActionReward(choiceIndex);
                    if (!storm::utility::isZero(r)) {
                        choiceRewardsJson[rm.first] = storm::utility::to_string(r);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!choiceRewardsJson.empty()) {
                choiceRewardsJson["rew"] = std::move(choiceRewardsJson);
            }
            storm::json<JsonValueType> successors;
            for (auto const& entry : transitionMatrix.getRow(choiceIndex)) {
                storm::json<JsonValueType> successor;
                successor["id"] = entry.getColumn();
                successor["prob"] = storm::utility::to_string<ValueType>(entry.getValue() / rateForProbabilityScaling);
                successors.push_back(successor);
            }
            choiceJson["succ"] = std::move(successors);
            choicesJson.push_back(choiceJson);
        }
        stateChoicesJson["c"] = std::move(choicesJson);
        output.push_back(std::move(stateChoicesJson));
    }
    outStream << storm::dumpJson(output);
}
 
template<>
void Model<double, storm::models::sparse::StandardRewardModel<storm::Interval>>::writeJsonToStream(std::ostream&) const {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "Json export not implemented for this model type.");
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::string Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::additionalDotStateInfo(uint64_t /*state*/) const {
    return "";
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::set<std::string> Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getLabelsOfState(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state) const {
    return this->stateLabeling.getLabelsOfState(state);
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::isSinkState(uint64_t state) const {
    for (auto const& entry : this->getTransitionMatrix().getRowGroup(state)) {
        if (entry.getColumn() != state) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!storm::utility::isOne(entry.getValue())) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::isSparseModel() const {
    return true;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::supportsParameters() const {
    return std::is_same<ValueType, storm::RationalFunction>::value;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::supportsUncertainty() const {
    return std::is_same<ValueType, storm::Interval>::value;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasParameters() const {
    if (!this->supportsParameters()) {
        return false;
    }
    // Check for parameters
    for (auto const& entry : this->getTransitionMatrix()) {
        if (!storm::utility::isConstant(entry.getValue())) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    // Only constant values present
    return false;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::hasUncertainty() const {
    if (!this->supportsUncertainty()) {
        return false;
    }
    // Check for intervals
    for (auto const& entry : this->getTransitionMatrix()) {
        if (!storm::utility::isConstant(entry.getValue())) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    // Only constant values present
    return false;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
bool Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::isExact() const {
    return storm::NumberTraits<ValueType>::IsExact && storm::NumberTraits<typename RewardModelType::ValueType>::IsExact;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::unordered_map<std::string, RewardModelType>& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getRewardModels() {
    return this->rewardModels;
}
 
template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
std::unordered_map<std::string, RewardModelType> const& Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>::getRewardModels() const {
    return this->rewardModels;
}
 
std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> getProbabilityParameters(Model<storm::RationalFunction> const& model) {
    return storm::storage::getVariables(model.getTransitionMatrix());
}
 
std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> getRewardParameters(Model<storm::RationalFunction> const& model) {
    std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> result;
    for (auto rewModel : model.getRewardModels()) {
        std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> tmp = getRewardModelParameters(rewModel.second);
        result.insert(tmp.begin(), tmp.end());
    }
    return result;
}
 
std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> getRateParameters(Model<storm::RationalFunction> const& model) {
    if (model.isOfType(storm::models::ModelType::Ctmc)) {
        auto const& ctmc = model.template as<storm::models::sparse::Ctmc<storm::RationalFunction>>();
        return storm::utility::vector::getVariables(ctmc->getExitRateVector());
    } else if (model.isOfType(storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton)) {
        auto const& ma = model.template as<storm::models::sparse::MarkovAutomaton<storm::RationalFunction>>();
        return storm::utility::vector::getVariables(ma->getExitRates());
    } else {
        return {};
    }
}
 
std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> getAllParameters(Model<storm::RationalFunction> const& model) {
    std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> parameters = getProbabilityParameters(model);
    std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> rewardParameters = getRewardParameters(model);
    parameters.insert(rewardParameters.begin(), rewardParameters.end());
    std::set<storm::RationalFunctionVariable> rateParameters = getRateParameters(model);
    parameters.insert(rateParameters.begin(), rateParameters.end());
    return parameters;
}
 
template class Model<double>;
template class Model<double, storm::models::sparse::StandardRewardModel<storm::Interval>>;
template class Model<storm::RationalNumber>;
template class Model<storm::Interval>;
template class Model<storm::RationalFunction>;
}  // namespace sparse
}  // namespace models
}  // namespace storm